Abstract
Objectives
Frostbite refers to the freezing of body tissue which is caused by prolonged exposure
to cold temperatures and results in tissue destruction. Tissue damage is due to both
immediate cold-induced cell death and the more gradual development of localized inflammatory
processes and tissue ischemia. A detailed treatment plan based on the current UpToDate
literature is needed to decrease morbidity and mortality rates.
Methods
The United States National Library of Medicine (PubMed/Medline), EMBASE, Web of Science,
and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were systematically searched to identify
publications relevant to this review.
Conclusion
In this review, we present the current knowledge on the diagnosis and treatment of
frostbite injuries. We then provide an extended and detailed treatment plan, from
first aid in the field to treatment of short and long-term complications .
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: July 26, 2022
Accepted:
July 24,
2022
Footnotes
☆No funds were received in support of this work.
Identification
Copyright
© 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
