Advertisement
Paper| Volume 26, ISSUE 7, P467-470, September 1995

Craniofacial injuries in unhelmeted riders of motorbikes

      This paper is only available as a PDF. To read, Please Download here.

      Abstract

      We studied 1160 consecutive craniofacial injuries sustained by unhelmeted motorbike riders in Taipei, Taiwan, between 1990 and 1993, in order to investigate the distribution, type and severity of these injuries. The average age of the victims was 31 years (SD 13.2), with 84 per cent of them being between ages 16 and 45. The facial and cranial areas were defined as being separated by the line between eyebrows and ears. The incidence of facial injuries was the same as that of cranial injuries (both 68 per cent). While facial injuries occurred most often in the cheek and chin, most cranial injuries occurred in the forehead and parietal region. Although the majority of facial injuries resulted in mild brain injuries, they may also cause serious cosmetic problems, and some were associated with serious brain damage. Motorbike riders need good face protection. Since most motorbikes in Taipei travel relatively slowly, these results may also apply to bicyclists; in other words, cyclists may also need good face protection.
      To read this article in full you will need to make a payment

      Purchase one-time access:

      Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online access
      One-time access price info
      • For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
      • For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'

      Subscribe:

      Subscribe to Injury
      Already a print subscriber? Claim online access
      Already an online subscriber? Sign in
      Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect

      References

        • Lee S-T
        • Lui T-N
        • Chang C-N
        • et al.
        Features of head injury in a developing country-Taiwan (1977–1987).
        J Trauma. 1990; 30: 194
        • Vaughan RG
        Motorcycle helmets and facial injuries.
        Med J Aust. 1977; 1: 125
      1. Hurt HH, Jr, Ouellet JV and Thom DR. Motorcycle accident cause factors and identification of countermeasures. US Dept Transportation Report DOT HS-805 862.

        • Cannell H
        • King JB
        • Winch RD
        Head and facial injuries after low-speed motorcycle accidents.
        Br J Oral Surg. 1982; 20: 183
        • Krantz KPG
        Head and neck injuries to motorcycle and moped riders-with special regard to the effect of protective helmets.
        Injury. 1985; 16: 253
        • Otte D
        Technical demands on safety in the design of crash helmets for biomechanical analysis of real accident situations.
        in: Proceedings of the 35th Stapp Car Crash Conference. 1991: 335
        • Sood S
        Survey of factors influencing injury among riders involved in motorized two-wheeler accidents in India: A prospective study of 302 cases.
        J Trauma. 1988; 28: 530
        • Teasdale G
        • Jennett B
        Assessment of coma and impaired consciousness: a practical scale.
        Lancet. 1974; ii: 81
        • Zar JH
        2nd Ed. Bioslatistical Analysis. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ1984
        • Matzsch T
        • Karlsson B
        Moped and motorcycle accidents-similarities and discrepancies.
        J Trauma. 1986; 26: 538
        • Lee KF
        • Wagner LK
        • Lee YE
        • et al.
        The impact-absorbing effects of facial fractures in closed-head injuries.
        J Neurosurg. 1987; 66: 542
        • Cooter RD
        • David DJ
        • McLean AJ
        • et al.
        Helmet-induced skull base fracture in a motorcyclist.
        Lancet. 1988; i: 84
        • Simpson DA
        • Blumbergs PC
        • Cooter
        • et al.
        Pontomedullary tears and other gross brainstem injuries after vehicular accidents.
        J Trauma. 1989; 29: 1519
        • Chang L-T
        • Lee M-C
        The effects of ventilation holes on the penetration resistance of motorbike helmets.
        Chin J Med Biol Eng. 1992; 12: 325
        • Chang L-T
        • Lee M-C
        The effects of ventilation holes on the impact-absorbing capability of motorbike helmets (II).
        Chin J Med Biol Eng. 1993; 13: 77