Injury
Volume 41 , Pages S10-S13 , July 2010

Animal models of traumatic brain injury: Is there an optimal model to reproduce human brain injury in the laboratory?

  • M.C. Morganti-Kossmann

      Affiliations

    • National Trauma Research Institute, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
    • Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author at: National Trauma Research Institute, 89 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia. Tel.: +61 3 9903 0534; fax: +61 3 9207 1811.
    • ,
  • E. Yan

      Affiliations

    • National Trauma Research Institute, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
    • Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
    • ,
  • N. Bye

      Affiliations

    • National Trauma Research Institute, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
    • Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia

References 

  1. Bye N, Habgood MD, Callaway JK, et al. Transient neuroprotection by minocycline following traumatic brain injury is associated with attenuated microglial activation but no changes in cell apoptosis or neutrophil infiltration. Exp Neurol. 2007;204:220–233
  2. Centers of Disease and Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. Traumatic brain injury in the United States: a report to Congress; 2001.
  3. Cernak I. Animal models of head trauma. NeuroRx. 2005;2:410–422
  4. Chen Y, Constantini S, Trembovler V, et al. An experimental model of closed head injury in mice: pathophysiology, histopathology, and cognitive deficits. J Neurotrauma. 1996;13:557–568
  5. Crack PJ, Gould J, Bye N, et al. The genomic profile of the cerebral cortex after closed head injury in mice: effects of minocycline. J Neural Transm. 2009;116:1–12
  6. Dixon CE, Clifton GL, Lighthall JW, et al. A controlled cortical impact injury model of traumatic brain injury in the rat. J Neurosci Methods. 1991;39:253–262
  7. Duhaime AC. Large animal models of traumatic injury to the immature brain. Dev Neurosci. 2006;28:380–387
  8. Foda MA, Marmarou A. A new model of diffuse brain injury in rats. Part II. Morphological characterization. J Neurosurg. 1994;80:301–313
  9. Gennarelli TA, Thibault LE, Adams JH, et al. Diffuse axonal injury and traumatic coma in the primate. Ann Neurol. 1982;12:564–574
  10. Graham D, McIntosh T, Maxwell W, Nicoll J. Recent advances in neurotrauma. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2000;59:641–651
  11. Jain KK. Neuroprotection in traumatic brain injury. Drug Discov Today. 2008;13:23–24
  12. Laurer HL, Lenzlinger PM, McIntosh TK. Models of traumatic brain injury. Eur J Trauma. 2000;26:95–100
  13. Longhi L, Saatman KE, Raghupathi R, et al. A review for the use of genetically engineered animals in the study of traumatic brain injury. J Cereb Blood Flow Metabol. 2001;21:1241–1258
  14. Maas AIR, Marmarou A, Murray GD, et al. Prognosis and clinical trial design in traumatic brain injury: the IMPACT study. J Neurotrauma. 2007;24:303–314
  15. Marcoux J, McArthur DA, Miller C, et al. Persistent metabolic crisis as measured by elevated cerebral microdialysis lactate–pyruvate ratio predicts chronic frontal lobe brain atrophy after traumatic brain injury. Crit Care Med. 2008;36(10):2871–2877
  16. Marmarou A, Foda MA, van den Brink W, et al. A new model of diffuse brain injury in rats. Part I. Pathophysiology and biomechanics. J Neurosurg. 1994;80:291–300
  17. Marmarou A. Pathophysiology of traumatic brain edema: current concepts. Acta Neurochir Suppl. 2003;86:7–10
  18. McIntosh TK, Smith DH, Meaney DF, et al. Neuropathological sequelae of traumatic brain injury: relationship to neurochemical and biomechanical mechanisms. Lab Invest. 1996;74(2):315–342
  19. Menon DK. Unique challenges in clinical trials in traumatic brain injury. Crit Care Med. 2009;37(37):129–135
  20. Morales DM, Marklund N, Lebold D, et al. Experimental models of traumatic brain injury: do we really need to build a better mousetrap?. Neuroscience. 2005;136(4):971–989
  21. Morganti-Kossmann MC, Satgunaseelan L, Bye N, Kossmann T. Modulation of immune response by head injury. Injury. 2007;38:1392–1400
  22. Morrison B, Meaney DF, McIntosh TK. Mechanical characterization of an in vitro devise designed to quantitatively injure living brain tissue. Ann Biomed Eng. 1998;26:381–390
  23. Morrison B, Cater HL, Benham CD, Sundstrom LE. An in vitro model of traumatic brain injury utilising two-dimensional stretch of organotypic hippocampal slice cultures. J Neurosci Methods. 2006;192–201
  24. Rancan M, Morganti-Kossmann MC, Barnum SR, et al. CNS-targeted complement inhibition mediates neuroprotection after closed head injury in transgenic mice. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2003;23:1070–1074
  25. Shohami E, Ginis I, Hallenbeck JM. Dual role of tumour necrosis factor alpha in brain injury. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 1999;10:119–130
  26. Singleton RH, Zhu J, Stone JR, Povlishock JT. Traumatically induced axotomy adjacent to the soma does not result in acute neuronal death. J Neurosci. 2002;22:791–802
  27. Smith DH, Nonaka M, Miller R, et al. Immediate coma following inertial brain injury dependent on axonal damage in the brainstem. J Neurosurg. 2000;93:315–322
  28. Stahel PF, Shohami E, Younis FM, et al. Experimental closed head injury: analysis of neurological outcome, blood–brain barrier dysfunction, intracranial neutrophil infiltration and neuronal cell death in mice deficient in genes for pro-inflammatory cytokines. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2000;20:369–380
  29. Statler KD, Alexander H, Vagni V, et al. Isoflurane exerts neuroprotective actions at or near the time of severe traumatic brain injury. Brain Res. 2006;1076:216–224
  30. Thompson HJ, Lifshitz J, Marklund N, et al. Lateral fluid percussion brain injury: a 15-year review and evaluation. J Neurotrauma. 2005;22:42–75

PII: S0020-1383(10)00224-X

doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2010.03.032

Injury
Volume 41 , Pages S10-S13 , July 2010

Article Tools