The efficacy of closed reduction in displaced distal radius fractures

Abstract 

Introduction

Closed reduction (CR) to restore fracture alignment and subsequent cast fixation is a common practice in the treatment of distal radius fractures. No clear consensus exists about the appropriate indication for CR. This study aims to compare radiological and functional results in patients with moderately to severely displaced distal radius fractures that were immobilised by cast fixation with or without prior CR.

Patients and methods

A total of 206 patients with distal radius fractures from one UK hospital were prospectively documented between 2001 and 2002. Patients with moderately to severely displaced fractures that were treated conservatively with or without CR were eligible for this analysis. Fracture displacement was assessed by measurements on injury radiographs and latent class analysis. The radiological and functional results as assessed by range of motion; and the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH); Gartland and Werley; and SF-36 scores were compared after 6 weeks, 6 months and 1 year.

Results

As many as 83 patients (seven males) with a mean age of 62.2 years were included; 62 patients were treated with CR, the remaining 21 did not receive CR. During the follow-up period, no differences were found in the measurements of range of motion, DASH and SF-36 scores between the treatment groups. Fractures that were treated with CR lost anatomical restoration. However, after 1 year, palmar tilt and radial angles had significantly improved compared with the baseline measurements. Although no significant difference of radiological parameters between the treatment groups was found, the Gartland and Werley score resulted in a significantly better outcome for those patients without CR after 1 year.

Conclusions

Although all patients – independent of their treatment – reached a successful level of activities in their daily life, there was no benefit of CR for patients with moderately to severely displaced fractures. The decision to treat with CR should be made carefully, especially in patients with high wrist-function demands.

Keywords: Dislocated distal radius fractures, Closed reduction, Cast fixation, Functional outcome, Anatomical outcome