Injury
Volume 40, Issue 8 , Pages 876-879 , August 2009

The ortho-plastic management of Gustilo grade IIIB fractures of the tibia in children: A systematic review of the literature

  • Graeme E. Glass

      Affiliations

    • Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Imperial College, ARC Building, 1 Aspenlea Road, Hammersmith, London W6 8LH, UK
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +44 208 383 4445; fax: +44 208 383 4499.
    • ,
  • Michael Pearse

      Affiliations

    • Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Charing Cross Hospital, Fulham Palace Road, Hammersmith, London W6 8RF, UK
    • Tel.: +44 208 846 1473; fax: +44 208 846 1439.
    • ,
  • Jagdeep Nanchahal

      Affiliations

    • Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Imperial College, ARC Building, 1 Aspenlea Road, Hammersmith, London W6 8LH, UK
    • Tel.: +44 208 383 4912; fax: +44 208 563 0399.

,Accepted 12 December 2008.

References 

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  2. Blasier RD, Barnes CL. Age as a prognostic factor in open tibial fractures in children. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1996;331:261–264
  3. Bosse MJ, MacKenzie EJ, Kellam JF, et al. An analysis of outcomes of reconstruction or amputation of leg threatening injuries. New Engl J Med. 2002;347(24):1924–1931
  4. Brumback RJ, Jones AL. Interobserver agreement in the classification of open fractures of the tibia: The results of a survey of 245 orthopedic surgeons. J Bone Joint Surg (Am). 1994;76(8):1162–1166
  5. Buckley SL, Smith GR, Sponseller PD, et al. Severe (Type III) open fractures of the tibia in children. J Pediatr Orthop. 1996;16(5):627–634
  6. Byrd HS, Spicer TE, Cierney G. Management of open tibial fractures. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1985;76:719–730
  7. Cramer KE, Limbird TJ, Green NE. Open fractures of the diaphysis of the lower extremity in children. Treatment, results and complications. J Bone Joint Surg (Am). 1992;74:218–232
  8. Cullen MC, Roy DR, Crawford AH, Assenmacher J, Levy MS, Wen D. Open fracture of the tibia in children. J Bone Joint Surg (Am). 1996;78:1039–1047
  9. Dedmond BT, Kortesis B, Punger K, et al. Sub atmospheric pressure dressings in the temporary treatment of soft tissue injuries associated with type III open tibial shaft fractures in children. J Pediatr Orthop. 2006;26(6):728–732
  10. Grimard G, Naudie D, Laberge LC, Hamdy RC. Open fractures of the tibia in children. Clin Orthop. 1996;332:62–70
  11. Gustilo RB, Anderson JT. Prevention of infection in the treatment of one thousand and twenty five open fractures of long bones. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1976;58(A):453–458
  12. Gustilo RB, Gruninger RP, Davis T. Classification of type III (severe) open fractures relative to treatment and results. Orthopedics. 1987;10:1781–1788
  13. Gustilo RB, Mendoza RM, Williams DN. Problems in the management of type III (severe) open fractures: a new classification of type III open fractures. J Trauma. 1984;24(8):742–746
  14. Hope PG, Cole WG. Open fractures of the tibia in children. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1992;74(B):546–553
  15. Irwin A, Gibson P, Ashcroft P. Open fractures of the tibia in children. Injury. 1995;26(1):21–24
  16. Jones BG, Duncan RDD. Open tibial fractures in children under 13 years of age: 10 years experience. Injury. 2003;34:776–780
  17. Keating JF, Blachut PA, O’Brien PJ, et al. Reamed nailing of Gustilo IIIB tibial fractures. J Bone Joint Surg (Br). 2000;82:1113–1116
  18. Kreder HJ, Armstrong P. A review of open tibial fractures in children. J Pediatr Orthop. 1995;15:482–488
  19. Levy AS, Wetzler M, Lewars M, et al. The orthopedic and social outcome of open tibial fractures in children. Orthopedics. 1997;20(7):593–604
  20. Liow RYL, Montgomery RJ. Treatment of established and anticipated nonunion of the tibia in childhood. J Pediatr Orthop. 2002;22:754–760
  21. Naique SB, Pearse M, Nanchahal J. Management of severe open tibial fractures: the need for combined orthopaedic and plastic surgical treatment in specialist centres. J Bone Joint Surg (Br). 2006;88(3):351–357
  22. Rinker B, Valerio IL, Stewart DH, et al. Micro vascular free flap reconstruction in paediatric lower extremity trauma: a 10 year review. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2005;115(6):1618–1624
  23. Robertson P, Karol L, Rab GT. Open fractures of the tibia and femur in children. J Pediatr Orthop. 1996;16(5):621–626
  24. Rohde C, Grieves MR, Cetrulo C, et al. Gustilo grade IIIB fractures requiring microvascular free flaps: external fixation versus intramedullary rod fixation. Ann Plast Surg. 2007;59(1):14–17
  25. Song KM, Sangeorzan B, Benirschke S, Browne R. Open fractures of the tibia in children. J Pediatr Orthop. 1996;16(5):635–639
  26. Stewart DG, Kay RM, Skaggs DL. Open fractures in children—principles of evaluation and management. J Bone Joint Surg (Am). 2005;87:2784–2798
  27. Stewart KJ, Tytherleigh-Strong G, Bharathwaj S, Quaba AA. The soft tissue management of children's open tibial fractures. J R Coll Surg Edinb. 1999;44:24–30
  28. Yazar S, Lin C-H, Lin Y-T, et al. Outcome comparison between free muscle and free fasciocutaneous flaps for reconstruction of distal third and ankle traumatic open tibial fractures. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2006;117(7):2468–2475
  29. Yokoyama K, Itoman M, Shindo M, Kai H. Contributing factors influencing type III open tibial fractures. J Trauma. 1995;38(5):788–793

PII: S0020-1383(08)00571-8

doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2008.12.010

Injury
Volume 40, Issue 8 , Pages 876-879 , August 2009

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